DIGITALLY YOURS

Long before the CDs and the likes, we had portable data storage media such as floppy disks. This was around the early 70s and used to be 8 inches in size. “Floppy” because they were flexible. Soon it gave way to 5¼ inch floppy disks, storing up to 1.2Mb. Around the 80s we saw the introduction of the smallest of the floppy disk family in the 3½ inch size – this was not flexible. Data in floppy disks would have to be constantly backed up as integrity used to be a big question with them. Alternatively data centers used to back up data in magtapes.

This is when Compact Disks as storage device made inroads, more popular as CDs. This is the story of 80s. Having started with pre-recorded CDs, it soon offered facility of one-time recording at user end; later we also received the re-writable ones. The catch would lie in the drives; the ancient drives did not accompany the recording software; they were capable of playing the CDs alone. While CDs can hold data as well as audio tracks, floppy disks did not offer the capability. CDs allowed up to 700Mb of data storage – a quantum leap from floppies. Although CDs certainly offered more resistance to extreme temperatures and water, it still could be rendered useless with dust and scratches. CDs also sounded the death knell for cassette tapes, 78 RPM gramophone records and 33 1/3RPM vinyl; although the latter two were overtaken some time ago by the former as they were not portable, could break easily and you could not record your own favorites on it. The advent of CDs brought in its wake the CD walkmans, thus making cassette walkmans a story of the past.

In the 90s we saw VCDs and later DVDs – these were more versatile than CDs as they offered up to half a dozen times more storage. Apart from that, they would facilitate high quality, standard definition video distribution and recording. They look the same as CD/VCDs but are more rugged and would employ the same factor as that of CDs and thereby provide flexibility for full backwards compatibility. It can hold full length movies as well – something that CDs did not permit. Even VCDs, at times would split a movie in multiple disks.

By this time, High Definition television sets had begun to flex its muscles in the markets. Soon people realized that there was no choice for media capable of recording or playing back High Definition substance.

High Definition (HD) DVDs then evolved from DVDs with marked advanced features. It began appearing in the markets around mid 90s. Comparable to older VHS videotapes, this came to supplement the recent introduction of TVs capable of reproducing high definition pictures. Apart from offering superior “unforgettable experience” picture high definition DVDs allow you to pack more movies in a single disk. HD-DVDs provide 1080 lines of video resolution and thus is far more advantageous than DVDs that can offer no more than 576/480 lines.

Around the same time, Shuji Nakamura, well aware that one could create high density optical storage using lasers with shorter wavelengths, introduces us to practical blue laser diodes and thus the blu-ray disk was born.

It may be worthwhile to note that while HD-DVD is supported and serviced by NEC, Toshiba, Universal studios, Paramount Pictures, Warner Bros and the like, Blu-ray found backing of Philips, Hewlett-Packard, Sony, Dell, Hitachi, Hewlett-Packard, Samsung, Panasonic, Pioneer and the likes.

Both the disks are same by appearance and size when compared to VCD, DVD or CDs, but are different by storage capacity and technology. The blu-ray disk, with its shorter wavelength blue laser, smaller aperture lens and thinner cover layer on the surface of the disk and smaller beam spot size – is capable of allowing storage up to 50Gb, depending on whether it is a single layer or dual. HD-DVD, on the other hand is capable of storing 15 GB on a single layer disk and 30 Gb on the dual layer disk.

With a minimum capacity of 25 GB over 4.5 offered by a standard DVD, blu-ray has easily grabbed the limelight. Compared to DVD’s 8MBps, blu-ray is mightier with the ability to produce signals at the speed of 48MBps making it 6 time faster. Not only does blu-ray disk offer comparably higher bandwidth, the properties of blu-ray also allow capturing a full 1080p High Definition image giving a resolution of 1920 x 1080 progressively scanned pixels. You might remember the DVDs would provide no more that 720 x 480.

So you can see that HD-DVD and Blu-ray – both are serving the same purpose but are two different formats available to customers to choose from.

The evolution inarguably would continue, media and players will continue to come and go; people will continue to lose money with the outdated players, if not the media – because technology does not and cannot stand still.

Compact disks are means of storing digital data (or information) that can be retrieved when needed. There are numerous recording media and computers that help in facilitating data storage. Data can be represented in various classes viz. mechanical, chemical, photochemical, electrical, thermodynamic, optical, and magnetic. Whatever be the form, it is paramount for all of us to have data available by any means as it gives us – employees, customers, partners the relevant information to succeed in our individual pursuits and in order to achieve business goals. And if we can implement intelligent data management and retrieval capabilities, it results in exponential growth of a related business. This ability also empowers us to manage better with limited resources.

Improvement of Technology from ancient storage process

In olden times data was stored on barks of trees and dried leaves which then gave way to paper. Punched cards were used as one of the earliest temporary storage of data which would then be transferred on to larger computer memories. We used to and still have magnetic tapes to achieve the purpose – better known as sequential data storage. With the passage of time, we had portable data storage abilities with the availability of floppy disks. Technology improvements later brought invention of floppy disks. Later we were introduced with more sturdy rugged means of portable data storage medium in the form of compact disks.

Reproduction of Compact Disk

There are two ways of getting data reproduced in compact disks commercially. One is what we know as the replication technique and the other one is duplication. Although it is difficult to tell the difference in the end product, it certainly has pros and cons. Let us examine how each of the process works.

The source data is the starting point. This media, most likely in a compact disk, needs careful scrutiny and verification to ensure there are no defects. Does it play thoroughly without a single hitch? Once assured of the quality being top notch what is the next step? The next step produces what in the industry parlance is known as a glass master. Yet again, the quality of the glass master is key to the quality of next product, any blemish here and the time and money could be wasted resulting in great financial losses. In this process of replication, it is crucial to keep a keen eye on the precision and accuracy of each and every step of the production to ensure the end product is dot on – a perfect replica of the original; a single flaw could end up jeopardizing the whole project. The quality assurance has to be the best possible. Now that we have the glass master, we produce a stumper which is then used to load the molding machine to actually produce the bunch of compact disks. The disk, after the molding gets over, is applied with a micro thin layer of aluminum. It reflects the laser from the player to the audio reproducing apparatus. The penultimate step involves putting a protective layer of lacquer followed by application of the label that describes the content of the compact disk and finally all that remains is packaging and shipping. This whole process is the Replication process. There are appropriate equipments available in the market to perform all the above tasks in an automatic, commercial and professional way to avoid defects in the end product and generating more numbers of compact disks in less time.

Commercial Duplication of Dis

What we do at home when producing one compact disk on our computers is called “burning”. Industrially and commercially this would be called “Duplication”. Commercial or industrial duplication process would involve professional and automatic machines that would perform the work of duplication using a number of towers (depending on the affordability of the facility owner) and thus produce compact disks in a higher scale at the same time.

Compared to older means, compact disks are meant to pack more. It was designed for the same purpose – it allows storage of a million bits in the space that is no bigger than the head of a pin. And one such spot is worth one second of music or whatever reproducible material on a player. This storage ability for packing more was the key game changer in the world of data management tools. There was massive research and development involved in order to build the capability of reading the so highly compressed data with a durable and affordable means; here the integrated circuit technology came to the rescue.

Use of Compact Disk

Much like the lacquer music records, a compact disk too plays in a system of groves arranged in a circular fashion on the surface. It is the job of the player to use the laser to sense the pits and lands on the surface and use the computers to convert them into sound energies to channel out through the speakers.

While the 80 minute compact disk is the standard, disks of 74, 90 and 99 minutes were also made available.

The name of Steve Jobs is Steven Paul Jobs who was born on 24th February 1955 and died on 5th October 2011. World will remember him for the great products he and his team brought to market such as Apple II, the Macintosh, the Laser Printer, Next work stations, Digital Animated Movies, the iMac, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad and many.

History of Apple

Steve Jobs was first employed in Atari, a video game maker. Then in April 1976 Apple Computer Inc. was incorporated by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ron Wayne. First they started assembling Apple computers in a garage. Within a year they released Apple II that was very famous at that time. Steve Jobs left apple during 1985 when he was CEO of Apple. After leaving Apple he introduced many software technologies those are foundation of software engineering. Steve Jobs again returned to Apple Computer in 1997 and introduced a cheaper model lap top.

Invention of Different Technology by Steve Jobs

First Steve Jobs introduced the Macintosh 128K in 1984, the first market of personal computer featuring a graphical user interface and mouse. After this model many updated models were introduced in the market. In 1998 Apple introduced a range of Macintosh desktop computing known as iMac, a personal computer with USB but without a floppy drive.

During the year 1999, under the guidance of Steve Jobs, Apple introduced iBook with Wi-Fi technology. It is an amazing way to down load the latest bestselling books or classics from the iBook store.
In 2001 under the leadership of Steve Jobs, Apple released iPod, a line of portable media players. It is like other MP3 players with external data storage facilities and it was very successful at that time. The storage capacity varies from model to model and the variation range is between 2GB to 160GB. Also in 2001 Apple released another product iTune that is used for transfer of photos, games, music and many. It is also used to play, down load and organize digital audio and video in personal computer.

Development of Cell Phones and Smart Phones

Apple’s first smart phone was ROKR E1 that was released on September 2005. ROKR E1 was the joint venture of Apple and Motorola. Within few months, Apple discontinued collaboration with Motorola. Steve Jobs desire was to develop cell phones an important device for portable information access and he knew for those developments cell phones needed to have excellent synchronization software and he advised his engineers to focus on iPod and iTunes software. Steve Jobs directed his engineers to develop a touch screen mobile phone and on June 2007 Apple Computer released its new touch screen smart phones called iPhone. The iPhone is a line of smart phones designed and marketed by Apple. It revolutionized the mobile phone industries. It has Wi-Fi cellular connectivity such as 2G, 3G, and 4G. By iPhone you can shoot videos, take photos, play music, receive, and send mails.

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Steve Jobs introduced iPad, a tablet computer. It is a very popular tablet computer similar to iPod and iPhone but the difference is its 9.7” screen. It is a replacement of lap top for many purposes such as e-mail, e-book reading, web browsing, entertainments such as watching movies and playing games. The iPad was very successful and about 15 million ipad sold in 2010.

Contribution of Steve Jobs to The World

World will never forget the excellent products brought by Steve Jobs and his team and their contribution towards Digital technology. They always tried to make a product better again and again. Steve Jobs was a creative thinker and a visionary business man who improved personal computing, hardware design and software design. It was his contribution by which today Apple is one of the valuable and leading Corporations in the world. Without Steve Jobs, today millions of people would not have the access to the internet; many students would not have the privilege of iPhone, GPS app. Today life has much easier ways in accurately handling iPhone and Smart phone technologies.

CDs are used today not only for distributing movies and music but as an economical and storage media for software, books, training courses, sales tools, buying guides and more. Many people are ignorant of difference between CD duplication and CD replication. Some prefer CD replication than duplication. Some say there is no remarkable difference at all. So, let’s have a look on these two processes of CD production.

Difference Between Compact disc duplication and replication

In between compact disc duplication and replication the difference is that duplication is the common process like burning of a disc through some software which is done by common people having computers at home for downloading or copying music files or other types of data. CD duplication is quite inexpensive and easier process even effortlessly handled by layman with minimum knowledge on computer usage. Software like CD Burners is very popular among users as they help in duplicating contents on a CD to other discs. One important thing in CD duplication is that the taken to copy or load the data depends on the speed of the recorder and amount of data in the disc.

A CD duplication service uses a disc burner drive to record songs, movies, books, sales tools and more on to a blank disc. A machine such as Standalone Duplicate Tower is one of the duplicators used for CD duplication. This technology produces more CDs in less time. Cost of Duplication in this case is also quite less comparison to replication process. This machine does not require a computer or any software to operate. A duplicator consists of three major components; those are source drive, multiple target drive and a duplication controller card. The original master disc is inserted into the source drive. The blank media go with multiple target drive & the controller card is the part that controls the data flow between the source drive and the multiple target drivers.

CD replication involves molding of CDs to an exact copy of the source commonly known as the master CD rather than burning the data on to individual CD. This is the commercial process to produce CDs in mass that are sold in the market. Moreover as this process doesn’t involve burning of the data on to individual disc, so this is very simple way to handle large volume of CD preparation in a limited time.

Role of Glass Master in CD Replication

CD replication involves in pressing the disc during manufacture from a glass master which is also known as stamper that punches all data into the CD. The Glass Master that has been coated by a chemical of nickel, which is burned off with a laser is made of glass. The amazing thing is that the glass master is polished to get a very smooth surface so that produced CD would be of good quality.

For this, the glass master is prepared in a very clean room that should be designated as class 100 clean room which means the room must not contain more than 100 micro solid particles like dust or smoke or pollen per cubic foot of air. The glass master is placed inside a machine into which molten polycarbonate is injected there to produce the disc with all the data stamped in to the disc from the glass master. A reflective aluminum layer is applied above the disc to provide safety to the data stored in the disc from external mishandling like minor scratches.

Draw Backs Of Disc Duplication

Disc duplication has few draw backs. The CDs produced by duplication process do not have professional look. Even the data burned into the CDs may not be same quality as that of the original CD. Sometime we get some CDs that are not played properly. CD drives sometime can’t read data from certain CDs. Actually such discs are generally produced by CD duplication process.

Whereas CDs produced in replication process have distinctive polished look. The data in replicated CDs are of same quality as that of the master disc. Generally such CDs do not give any problem during playing. Even the data remain unaffected for longer time. As in CD replication process, we can produce mass number of discs in less time, so this process is quite cheap if we require larger volume of CDs.

In a nutshell, we can say that the choice between Duplication and replication depends on the quantity and quality requirements.

Inkjet cartridges can be of several kinds.

The OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer) ones are, as the expansion suggests, the ones that are manufactured by the printer manufacturers themselves.

Compatible ones are manufactured by aftermarket manufacturers that work on the OEM printers.

Remanufactured or refurbished  ones are the ones that are repaired and recycled for further use after it has been used at least once.

OEM Cartridge and Its Service

The OEM ones are inarguably the best. These are obviously costlier than the other options indicated above. These are warranted by the manufacturer for any defects during a specific period. Any attempts to tamper or make alterations or to service or refurbish

during the warranted period renders the warranty null and void; in which event your claims for warranty services will not be fulfilled by the manufacturer.

Comparison between Compatible Cartridge and OEM Cartridge

Compatibles ones are the ones that would fit a brand printer in place of the OEM cartridge. Many people in the knowledge of things prefer to buy printers that would be able to accommodate a compatible cartridge in place of an OEM one. Compatible cartridges cost less than OEM Cartridges and therefore there is a sense that you are able to save substantially. You could find these cartridges for one fourth the price of an OEM one that no one can argue is not substantial. With the advent of technology to suit this segment of the industry, some of compatible cartridge manufacturers have gone ahead to offer warranty just as the OEM manufacturers do. However there are many who do not. There is a sizable customer segment that consumes this type of cartridges which may suggest that this stuff is reliable. What is true is that manufacturers of such cartridges have come to enjoy a reputation and they have grown to a level where there is a brand recall existing in the consumer’s mind. And you won’t be surprised to find positive review comments for these cartridges on the review forums on the web. Many opine that it is entirely safe to use these cartridges unless your printer happens to be $500 photo printer kind. So if you are interested in such compatible cartridges, you know what to look for, what is important and what you are prepared to compromise.

Recycling Of Cartridge

The remanufactured / refurbished, as the name suggests are the ones that are emptied, cleaned, repaired, and finally tested to ensure printer compatibility after at least one full use. Once my cartridge indicates me that it is exhausted, I can trade them off for cheaper compatible new cartridges or cheaper OEM cartridges. All such used cartridges collected are sent to a plant where they are refilled or refurbished and repaired, depending upon the condition and these cartridges find their way back in the recycled cartridge market. This is a huge market and you would be surprised by the size of customers loyal to this quality of cartridges and this obviously makes it a profitable business after all.

Whether it would harm your printer is a call you certainly need to take, one thing you can sure take credit of is keeping environment pollution under control – you are doing your bit, and that is all an individual can do. The waste that the cartridges create is a serious threat to our environment. Imagine the condition of the landfill that has cartridges sitting beneath that is absolutely not bio-degradable. I mean what good is something that would take 300 years to degrade. It has the potential of contaminating the underground water table and thus the health of innumerable human beings not so far in future.

Tips To Buy a New Cartridge

When shopping for new cartridges one new school of thought advises that it is more cost effective to consider buying an entirely new printer instead of replacing the cartridge. While it may sound crazy, but isn’t that a fact with most components these days? The collective cost of Printer Cartridges over a period of 3 – 6 months, can be easily equated to the cost of new printer! Actually this strategy of the manufacturers has been there for quite some time now as this assures them the sustainability that sale of printers does not guarantee. So the customer ends up bearing the collective high expenses that does not strike the usual customer busy in his daily life.

Another strategy the manufacturers practice can take some of you by surprise. The cartridges that come sitting in most branded printers at the time you buy are not fully loaded. This is so that you rush to buy a new cartridge sooner than later. Such cartridges are popular as “starter cartridges”.

In order to save money, as we said above, you could seek the aftermarket ones that have grown to command a great clout around or keep your eyes open for offers that are made from time to time by brick and mortar vendors as well as online stores. Or buy in bulk, provided your consumption is regular. Happy printing!

Printers used at homes and ones used at business are different as the requirements are unique. At home, you could have 1-3 people using a printer while at a business you could be having many people sharing one printer. Thus the use per hour at the two places makes a whale of a difference.

Toners and laser Ink cartridges are usually meant for high speed printers and greater quality, and volume printing. At homes generally what we use is the inkjet printer for the economy. Now there are different types of cartridges.

Environmental Pollution Due To Ink Cartridge

Some of the cartridges have the printing head attached to it. At the time you change your cartridge, you are compelled to change the print head, willingly or unwillingly, you do not have a choice. For low volume users it may not be too much of a cost to change the cartridge once in a while. Original cartridges thus end up giving high quality results and the users remain a happy lot. But for users who churn higher volumes of printouts, the cost can be substantial. Now there are users – high volume users as well as low volume users – who prefer to refill the cartridge instead of buying a new one. Obviously the explanation lies in the difference between cost of buying new and having it refilled. Here you would find arguments in favor as well against the practice. Some would be concerned with the claims that refilling would mar the quality of printouts and would harm the printer, leading to frequent and expensive repairs. Others would be worried about the quality of inks which they may not be able to gauge anyway. Another disadvantage – you may not be able to demand warranty services if they discover you using refilled and or refurbished cartridges. You might have an appropriate argument in offering the Environment Pollution angle to it – and there is no denying that used up cartridges are a major threat; they may not degrade or could take up over 3 to 4 hundred years to degrade. In order to keep the business on, the manufacturers are always looking for novel ways. Some cartridges do not allow you to re-set page counters when you are refilling one. Other cartridges would allow the ink but the capacity will be limited, so you end up giving them business buying ink, more frequently; cash flow keeps business running and you end up believing that it is a beneficial to you. Of course running to the retailer so often results in losing weight, you are better health wise.

Different Ink Cartridges And Its Warranty Period

The ink tank types may sound technologically advanced, more economical and user friendly. But a wise user would know the traps manufacturers have put in there. Here print heads remain fixed. You have four tanks each with one of the four colors Cyan, Black, Magenta and Yellow. You have the freedom to fill the color that has exhausted. But the catch lies in the chip that could prevent you refilling the tank based on the date of first filling. So the assurance of refill ability that came at the time of purchase falls flat on your face – you may give it a better name – frustration – want to bang your head? Well, there are even better tricks. Say due to a programming glitch, your printer sends 200 pages out and no matter was printed; guess what, your cartridge indicates you it is time to replace the cartridge! Try forcing refilling, and you lose the warranty on your printer! You end up buying a new cartridge and discard the old “unused” one! Shackled aren’t we?

Diligence still gives you ways to save. When you see an offer for high capacity ink that compares with the original, you might want to find if there are more such vendors. Who knows you could end up with another vendor who is selling at same price but even higher capacity ink!

Get Information  Regarding Ink Cartridge From Internet

While on the net, the analytics keeps giving you information on your requirements, tastes etc based on previous usage of the internet. If you can afford to keep an eye on the ongoing offers while at work, you may get to lay your hands on a substantial discount at a Brick and Mortar store or at an online store.

When you shop online, you save indirectly. You save on the fuel that you would burn to get to the mall. You save time. And you also save money that you usually end up spending on things you really do not need.

The stores that keep a wide variety and large stocks could mean that the stocks are not too old. Fresh products are obviously meant to give you more.

It is quite common these days for the vendors to offer services and features for no extra cost when you buy in bulk. This means more savings when shopping for printer inks and cartridges at such stores.

A USB drive – known by various names such as DiskOnKey, thumb drives, jump drives, pen drives, key drives, tokens, or simply USB drives – are small and light weight gadgets – slightly fatter than your car key. Consequently it can be put on a key chain and easily carried in your breast or trouser pocket. These USB drives allow you to store your data just as it used to be with floppy disks and later CDs and DVDs and can be as mobile as you. So the data moves with you even if you do not carry your PC or laptop or notebook along. You can use it at your destination on another PC or laptop. In a way you carry your work along.

Advancement of Technology and Its advantage

In earlier times our computers, PCs, laptops used to come with Floppy Disks. With passage of time and advancements these were later replaced with CD and DVD disk drives. In current times all you have are disk drives and USB drives in the laptops and desktops. USB technology too has made substantial advancements in the sense that it has brought version 2.0 over the original design and then we have 3.0 as well.

What Is USB Drive?

The USB drive is no drive actually. It does not involve any movements; the floppy disks or the CDs and DVDs involve movements which require a drive to make it go in circles. Why then do we call it a drive? Well the only explanation to that would be that the computers perform input output operations using the same system commands as for another disk drive; the operating system or the user interface treating the storage as just another drive. The USB drive is simply inserted into a socket on a computing device just as much as an electric plug and lo – you have an additional mobile storage location!

Usefulness of USB Drive

The USB drive assures robust performance. It neither requires batteries nor a separate power source; instead it can source power from the socket that it is jacked into. The operating system in no time acknowledges it as a removable drive and assigns a drive letter much like C, D or E. It is designed to work on any platform, so you do not need to bother to see whether one would work on Mac or not; they are platform agnostic.

Some manufacturers provide additional applications at no extra cost with the Use of USB drive. These applications facilitate backup, offer downloadable drivers and provide password protection keys. USB drives are manufactured and available to a customer different shapes, sizes, color, capacities and prices; thus the customer has options to choose depending on his requirement, budget and tastes. It can store plenty more than what CDs and DVDs can. Transferring data from your fixed drives to this removable and portable drive and vice-versa is a breeze. You do not need any burning application software, no special technique to learn. It is a plug and play device. You copy files to it just the way you copy a file from drive E to D or the other way round. Many of us use it to transfer files and data from one computer to another, especially when the two are not on a network.

The USB drive is used in plenty many ways. Some use it for brand and product promotion while others use it for backing up their precious data, storage, carry application and software files. These are also employed for storing audio players, store operating systems and booting computers with the same.
Many companies give away such drives in order to promote themselves; the receivers can use it for their day to day work. CDs or DVDs do not serve this purpose.

CDs or DVDs Verses USB Drive

Operations of CDs or DVDs usually require use of additional applications and users need to learn all such apps. Use of USB drives is transparent; except for attaching it and removing, users need nothing else to know or learn.

Portable Hard Drives are much the same as that inside laptops and desktops – the input output heads, platters, spindles. They are heavy and if dropped by accident, you are potentially destined to lose the data; usually these packs are sealed, no repairable components. You do not have any such worries with the USB drive.

CDs and DVDs are not as small as the USB drive. It can be carried in your breast or trouser pockets. We cannot say the same about CDs and DVDs, as they are fairly bulkier in comparison. CDs and DVDs require power, they require a drive, which is made up of lots of moving parts. They do not provide the durability and robustness of a USB drive. CDs and DVDs do not come in various shapes and sizes and colors and choice of capacities. They require additional software apps.

We can safely infer that USB drives score higher than CDs and DVDs in many respects.

DVD is an optical disc that stores movies, videos, photographs, and computer data. Proper care of your DVD discs will keep them for years to come. Following tips are very important to keep your DVDs for a longer period.

1. Do not touch the shiny surface of the DVD. There should not be any finger prints and dirt on the shiny surface of the disc. Hold the DVD by the edge.
2. Keep the DVD away from heat, direct sun light and moisture.
3. Cleaning the DVD is very important. DVDs can be cleaned by recommended DVD cleaning solution or by isopropyl alcohol or methanol. Do not use cheap DVD cleaning solution because there are some solutions that are acidic in nature that may damage the disc.
4. To clean DVD, hold the disc by the edge; wipe the DVD with a piece of soft cloth dampened with recommended DVD cleaning solution. Wipe gently in a straight line from the centre of the disc to the edge of the disc. Cleaning the disc in a circular motion may create scratches.
5. Store the DVDs in DVD case to prevent dust immediately after the use.
6. Keep DVDs out of reach of sharp objects because contact with sharps objects will create scratch on the disc.
7. If DVD disc get scratched it can be repaired if the scratch is not too deep. The scratch can be removed by polishing with commercial recommended compound. Always polish in straight lines away from the centre of the disc to the edge of the disc.
8. Use special marker pen to mark label. Do not use any other pen that will take time to dry.
DVD player is an electronic device by which you can watch movies and videos by inserting a disc. After continuous use of the machine some problem may arise. Therefore it is important to take care of this electronic machine properly instead of wasting money. So it is essential to follow the below mentioned instruction to keep your DVD player trouble free and long lasting.

1. DVD player is an Electronic  Device, so keep them out of reach of children.
2. To clean the DVD player, remove the dust from the surface of the player with the help of a dry micro fiber cloth. Then moisten soft cotton with rubbing alcohol or DVD Disc Cleaner solution available in the market. Isopropyl alcohol or methanol also can be used as a cleaner. Open the DVD slot with your finger and locate the Head and Laser at the top and bottom of the DVD player respectively. Wipe gently with the moisten cotton. Care should be taken as the interior of the DVD player contains sensitive components that can be damaged. Wait for 30 minutes to allow the alcohol or cleaner to evaporate completely, and then connect the power cables and other cables.
3. It is not harmful to keep the disc inside the player because it prevents the dust to get inside the DVD player.
4. Once in a month clean your DVD player. Do not clean frequently. Too much cleaning may destroy the lens and laser of the player. Use brush to clean the sockets.
5. When trouble shooting arises on your DVD player, do not be over confident that you can repair it. Always take time to read the manual and follow the instructions.

When you go out looking for obtaining photography services, it is not uncommon to find degree holding and experienced professionals in the business of photography. If you look out, you would invariably be able to find schools and colleges in your country; some could well be situated in your own town or city or in your neighboring county. These professional photographers have most likely undergone a degree course conducted by the so many colleges, universities, schools of art and journalism schools around. The programs could be carrying names such as Professional Photography, Digital Photography, Mass Communication and Graphic Design. Products from such photographers create a great impression and have a lasting impact. But then, you also get to notice many who may not be flashing any degree or certificate.
Yes it is possible to acquire skills in the hobby and perhaps make it a professional carrier for oneself as a full time photographer and seek a full time job in the noble profession. Let us first examine the initial steps of kick starting a satisfying career in photography.

Professional Stock Photographers

Stock photography is what I want to bring for your consideration on the table. Income for photographers from stock photography has been threatened for quite some time but the variety of photography that keeps it steady and attractive comes from the innovative and out of the box ideas that such photographs discover and bring to the public at large through the amply available medium. Stock photography for some professional photographers, can prove to be a tough job as they could be having much business to be able to serve the needs of stock photography stores. So getting in touch with a professional photographer can be examined in the hope of getting a reference to a stock photography business house.

Stock photography is not an easy market to get into either. The idea and the opportunities are being grabbed by many and hence the competition is tough. So one has to hone his skills – one way or the other, to bring the zing in their photography products.

Marketing Agencies of Photography

When you begin getting steady stock photography orders, you need to keep aside or save enough to undergo a certificate course in photography to secure an edge over the other learners and spring ahead in the race. It should not be difficult to find reputable training institutes close from your area of operations. Such trainings would certainly push your strengths to a higher level and put you at par with many other in great demand.

Micro stock agencies too can be considered, however these agencies operate on lower budgets and obviously their compensations may not attract many and you would end up with too little in your pockets. Moreover you would be submitting too many pictures and it would become practically impossible to keep control over unauthorized usage of your photographs. But the silver lining here is that you would get valuable inputs as to what most of the public is looking for and thus you can sharpen your skills by focusing all your energies in such areas that are in higher demand. Fulfilling the demanded product would automatically catapult you into the limelight and therefore prosperity and career fulfillment.

Camera Resolution And Quality Photo

To start with, these days you have the luxury of choosing from so many different kinds of cameras. More the professional cameras used, better the quality of the picture. The color quality and the resolution make a big difference between a branded camera and other cameras. So the camera you choose matters a lot especially when you are considering making a living out of it. So now you know whether to go for the amateur ones or the more professional ones.

It is important to understand the difference between the quality of pictures when taken in automatic mode and a manual mode. Professional photography studios avoids the automatic operations. But these days the technology is advancing at a breakneck speed and camera manufacturers are coming out with innovations that woo the manual-loving photographers too. The crux lies in learning the tricks of getting a great picture using your mind and hence you need to hone the skills on adjusting all the controls on your camera manually. Anyways the automatic ones are more for the people who just want to snap up a picture. For them it is not a matter of bread and butter.

You definitely saved all the money that you would have otherwise spent in undergoing a degree course in photography. But then it certainly would not hurt to browse some books on photography, buy at least one that appeals most to you, and then burn the midnight oil. You will find the shops flooded with hundreds of books on the subject. The examples given in there and the matters described in there would certainly do a world of good in fulfilling your desires to becoming a professional full time photographer – without a formal degree in photography.

Much like tapes in cassettes or spools and lacquer records, CDs and DVDs although much advanced, are prone to wear and tear. In its life time it moves so many times. Despite all claims, the data is not guaranteed to stay for all the time to come. Pre-recorded, branded and reputable Blue Discs could last a century too. The main threats to such claims are the scratches. Scratches can be so fine that your eyes may not detect them and if the ridges made during the data burning process are cut across, you are bound to lose the data. While movement, it can also be smudged with greasy deposits that could possibly penetrate the fine ridges, not visible to the naked eye.

We may find information on salvaging data from a malfunctioning CD/DVD, but the success rate of recovery is almost zero.

All we can do is take all the care we can. Here we present the measures that one can take to prolong its life.

1. When buying blank CD/DVDs always go for the branded and reputed ones.
2. Go for the premium quality.
3. It should be stored correctly.
4. Original case that it came in is strongly recommended to be used.
5. CD/DVDs must be stored in a cool place.
6. CD/DVDs must be stored in a dry place.
7. CD/DVDs must be stored away from light.
8. It is best to anchor your CD/DVD on the anchoring pin, inside the box; this leaves the surface in air.
9. Cases that can hold multiple CD/DVDs might assure convenience; what it may not assure are scratches. Exercise caution when using such cases / albums.
10. When buying albums/cases, choose one that provides the softest lining possible.
11. Linings if removal, must not be exposed to air else it could accumulate dust.
12. Such albums/cases must not be left outside; dust particles could accumulate in.
13. Protect your CD/DVDs from fingure touch
14. Wiping if ever, must be done with the softest wiping cloth.
15. Smudges should be wiped clean.
16. These are best kept away from reach of children.
17. Keep them out of reach of pets.
18. Use water-based permanent markers to label them.
19. Do not allow ink to reach the recording surface.
20. Exercise all precaution you can when placing it on the DVD tray so it does not scratch
21. Do not keep the disc at any place other than the tray or its case

Although CDs or DVDs – blank or prerecorded – are abundantly available these days, it can be a real loss if you fail to find that rare movie or the rare hands-free exercise DVD. Secondly, losing the DVD that you burned after spending plenty time collecting and burning your favorite stuff can be quite painful. In the remote possibility of losing any of your discs, you would find solace in exercising all cautions described here.